Indias climate can be classified as a hot tropical country, except the northern states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir in the north and Sikkim in the northeastern hills, which have a cooler, more continental influenced climate.
In most of India summer is very hot. It begins in April and continues till the beginning of October, when the monsoon rains start to fall. The heat peaks in June with temperatures in the northern plains and the west reach 45° C and more. The monsoons hit the country during this period too, beginning 1st of June when they are supposed to find the Kerala coast, moving further inland from day to day. Moisture laden trade winds sweep the country bringing heavy rains and thunderstorms; sometimes these monsoon rains can be very heavy, causing floodings and damage, especially along the big Rivers of India, Bramaputhra and Ganges.
The plains in the north and even the barren countryside of Rajasthan have a cold wave every year in December-January. Minimum temperatures could dip below 5°C but maximum temperatures usually do not fall lower than 12°C. In the northern high altitude areas of the northern mountains it snows through the winter and even summer months are only mildly warm.
Typhoons are usually not an danger, these tropical storms are quite seldom in India. The Typhoon Season is from August to November; the East coast of India has the highest Typhoon risk.
Required clothing:
Lightweight cotton clothing is advised throughout the year, with an umbrella or raincoat for the monsoon season. Be prepared for high temperatures and humidity, no matter where you go. A sweater and warmer clothing is advised for cooler evenings. Warmer clothing is advised for the northern mountainous areas of India, which can have quite cold winters.
Koeppen-Geiger classification:
The Climate of India can be divided in different climate zones. The eastern part of India and the west coast can be classified as Aw climate, a hot, tropical climate with all months above 18°C and a dry period in the winter. The southern Tip of india can be classified as Am climate, a hot tropical Rainforest climate with monsoon rains and all months above 18°C. Central and Northwest India have aBSh climate, a dry Steppe climate with an annual average Temperature above 18°C. Finally, The northern mountainous areas can be classified as Cfa climate; a Temperated, humid climate with tha warmest month above 22°C.
Climate of India
The climate of India may be broadly described as tropical monsoon. India's climate is affected by two seasonal winds - the north-east monsoon and the south-west monsoon. The north-east monsoon commonly known as winter monsoon blows from land to the sea whereas south-west monsoon known as summer monsoon blows from sea to land after crossing the Indian Ocean, the Arabian sea and the bay of Bengal. The south-west monsoon brings most of the rainfall during the year in the country.
Cycle of seasons: There are four seasons in India: winter (January-February), summer (March-May), Advancing monsoon (June-September) and post monsoon also known as north-east monsoon in the southern peninsula (October-December).
Winter: December to February is the wintertime in almost all of India. At this time of the year, days are cold with average temperature of 10-15 degree Centigrade, but it can drop down to below zero degrees Centigrade in some higher ranges of northern India.
Summer: From March to June is the summer session in India. It is a time period when rays of the sun fall vertically on the Indian subcontinent. The average temperature is around 32 degree Centigrade but in western region of India the maximum temperature can be far above the average. In summer session, North-India is very interesting to people. Here the average temperature is very comfortable for living. Many people, comes to visit in north India, mainly Sikkim, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh for enjoy the natural beauty of summer.
Advancing Monsoon: Months of June, July, August and September form the core of Advancing Monsoon in almost all parts of the country. The monsoon approaches with moisture laden winds; this sudden approach is marked with violent thunderstorms and lightening, known as 'break' of the monsoon.
Post Monsoon: This season starts, when monsoon after drenching all of India, begins to retreat. With the month of September, rainfall began to decrease and as we approach November, the monsoon is completely gone from major part of India.
The climate of India may be broadly described as tropical monsoon. India's climate is affected by two seasonal winds - the north-east monsoon and the south-west monsoon. The north-east monsoon commonly known as winter monsoon blows from land to the sea whereas south-west monsoon known as summer monsoon blows from sea to land after crossing the Indian Ocean, the Arabian sea and the bay of Bengal. The south-west monsoon brings most of the rainfall during the year in the country.
Weather in India
Cycle of seasons: There are four seasons in India: winter (January-February), summer (March-May), Advancing monsoon (June-September) and post monsoon also known as north-east monsoon in the southern peninsula (October-December).
Winter: December to February is the wintertime in almost all of India. At this time of the year, days are cold with average temperature of 10-15 degree Centigrade, but it can drop down to below zero degrees Centigrade in some higher ranges of northern India.
Summer: From March to June is the summer session in India. It is a time period when rays of the sun fall vertically on the Indian subcontinent. The average temperature is around 32 degree Centigrade but in western region of India the maximum temperature can be far above the average. In summer session, North-India is very interesting to people. Here the average temperature is very comfortable for living. Many people, comes to visit in north India, mainly Sikkim, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh for enjoy the natural beauty of summer.
Advancing Monsoon: Months of June, July, August and September form the core of Advancing Monsoon in almost all parts of the country. The monsoon approaches with moisture laden winds; this sudden approach is marked with violent thunderstorms and lightening, known as 'break' of the monsoon.
Post Monsoon: This season starts, when monsoon after drenching all of India, begins to retreat. With the month of September, rainfall began to decrease and as we approach November, the monsoon is completely gone from major part of India.
Factors Affecting India's Climate
There are certain factors which affect the climate of India:
Latitude: The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of India and extends from Mizoram in the east and Rann of Kutch in the west; and considerably affects the climate of the country. To the south of the Tropic of Cancer lies the southern part of the country which belongs to the tropical area and to its north lies the northern half of India which belongs to the sub-tropical area. Therefore, India experiences both sub-tropical and tropical climates.
Altitude: In the north, India is bounded by mountains with an average height of 6,000 metres and in the south, has a vast coastline with maximum elevation of about 30 metres. The Himalayas act as a barrier against the cold winds from Central Asia. Therefore due to the altitude of these mountains, the Indian subcontinent experiences milder winters than Central Asia.
Monsoon Winds: The 'monsoon winds' is the most dominating factor influencing the climate of India. It is often called the monsoon climate. A reversal in the monsoon winds can bring a change in the season of the country, for instance the extreme summer season suddenly changing to the rainy or monsoon season. The entire country receives rainfall due to the south-west summer monsoons from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.
Western Disturbances and Tropical Cyclones: Large parts of peninsular India get influenced by the tropical cyclones which originate in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Most of the cyclones originate in the Bay of Bengal and influence the climatic conditions at the time of the south-west monsoon season. The western disturbances originate over the Mediterranean Sea and influence the weather conditions in the Western Himalayan region.
Climate Related Calamities
Climate related calamities are a great cause of loss to the life and property. Some of the natural disasters that have been experienced in the country are as follows:
Landslides and Floods: Floods are the most common natural disaster in India and are caused due to the inadequate capacity within the river banks to carry high flows which are brought down from the upper catchment because of the heavy rains. Almost the entire country is flood prone and the precipitation events like torrential rains and flash floods have become common in central India in the last few decades. But, the regions located in the Indo-Gangetic plains and northeast India are more prone to floods. Erratic, excess or untimely monsoon rains can kill thousands of people and also harm the agriculture of the country.
Droughts: Drought is a situation which arises due to the scarcity of water. In India, agriculture depends on the rains or the monsoon season as a source of water. But, the shortage or failure of water results in the below-average crop yields. Climatic factors such as high wind, high temperature and low humidity also add to the severity of drought in India. Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Odisha, some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka are some of the drought-prone areas in the country. India has witnessed many famines such as Bengal famine of 1770, 1876-77, 1899 and 1943 which took lives of millions of people.
Tropical Cyclones: These are the most devastating natural disasters which result in massive loss of life and property. In India, the lives of the coastal habitants are highly affected due to cyclones. The areas near the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean are the most cyclone-prone regions of the country. Coastal regions of Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh are more exposed to cyclones. During the time of cyclone, heavy rains, winds with high speed and storm surge are also experienced which also affect the lives of the people as it becomes difficult for them to get relief and supplies during this phenomenon. A super cyclone, Cyclone 05B that struck Odisha on 29 October 1999 is considered to be the deadliest cyclone in the country in the past few decades. It was considered equivalent to Category 5 hurricane.
Climatic regions in India
The various climatic regions of India are given below:
Climatic regions in India
The various climatic regions of India are given below:
Name of climatic region
States or territories
Tropical Rainforest
Assam and parts of the Sahyadri Mountain Range
Tropical Savannah
Sahyadri Mountain Range and parts of Maharashtra
Tropical and subtropical steppe
Parts of Punjab and Gujarat
Tropical Desert
Most parts of Rajasthan
Moist subtropical with winter
Parts of Punjab, Assam, and Rajasthan
Mountain climate
Parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttaranchal
Drought
Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Haryana
Tropical semi-arid steppe
Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and other parts of South India.
UP Cabinet 2017: Full List of UP CM's Yogi Adityanath's Cabinet Ministers with portfolios
New Delhi: The first cabinet meeting of the Uttar Pradesh government was held today at 5PM. Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath kept Home Ministry with himself in the Uttar Pradesh cabinet. According to ANI, the Finance Portfolio has been given to Rajesh Agrawal, while other media houses suggested that the key ministry has been kept by Yogi Adityanath. Both deputy chief ministers Keshav Prasad Maurya and Dinesh Sharma have been given PWD and High Education ministry respectively in the Uttar Pradesh cabinet. Mohsin Raza, the Muslim face of BJP government, was given Minority Affairs charge. Swati Singh has been given the Women Welfare department. - UP Cabinet 2017: Full List of UP CM's Yogi Adityanath's Cabinet Ministers with portfolios.
New Delhi: The first cabinet meeting of the Uttar Pradesh government was held today at 5PM. Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath kept Home Ministry with himself in the Uttar Pradesh cabinet. According to ANI, the Finance Portfolio has been given to Rajesh Agrawal, while other media houses suggested that the key ministry has been kept by Yogi Adityanath. Both deputy chief ministers Keshav Prasad Maurya and Dinesh Sharma have been given PWD and High Education ministry respectively in the Uttar Pradesh cabinet.
The party gave 14 ministerial positions to the caste group as they didn t want to be seen to be ignoring their traditional vote bank the Rajputs, Brahmins and Baniyas as they have allocated a total of 23 ministerial berths to these caste groups. This includes 8 to Brahmins, 8 to Kayastha-vaishya, and 7 to Thakurs. These three communities have also got to the top positions. The Dalits have also got a massive representation as 6 leaders have been given ministerial status. Interestingly, out of 14 OBCs, only 1 is a Yadav. The ministers are from Maurya, Lodha, Rajbhar and Nishad castes. 2 Jats have also been inducted in the list of ministers. Giving befitting reply to opposition over ignoring minorities, the Bharatiya Janata Party also inducted lone Muslim face Mohsin Raza to the cabinet.
Full List of Uttar Pradesh CM's Yogi Adityanath's Cabinet Ministers:
S.No.
Name of ministers
Ministerial Rank
Ministry
1.
Yogi Adityanath
Chief Minister
Home, Revenue, Housing and Urban Planning, Food Security, Mining, Flood Control, Tax Management, Jail, General Administration, State Property, Administrative Reform, Consumer Protection
2.
Keshav Prasad Maurya
Deputy Chief Minister
Public Works Department, Food Processing, Entertainment Tax, Public Labour department (additional responsibility)
3.
Dinesh Sharma
Deputy Chief Minister
Secondary and Higher Education, Science and Technology, Electronics, IT department (additional responsibility)
4.
Rita Bahuguna Joshi
Cabinet Minister
Women Welfare, Family Welfare, Maternity and Child Welfare, Tourism
5.
Siddharth Nath Singh
Cabinet Minister
Health
6.
Chetan Chauhan
Cabinet Minister
Sports
7.
Shrikant Sharma
Cabinet Minister
Power
8.
Swami Prasad Maurya
Cabinet Minister
Labour, Service planning, Urban employment and Poverty alleviation
9.
Satish Mahana
Cabinet Minister
Industrial development
10.
Suresh Khanna
Cabinet Minister
Parliamentary Affairs, Urban development
11.
Laxmi Narayan Chaudhary
Cabinet Minister
Dairy development, Religious works and culture, Minority Welfare
12.
SP Singh Baghel
Cabinet Minister
Livestock, Minor Irrigation, Fishery
13.
Rajesh Agrawal
Cabinet Minister
Finance
14.
Dharmpal Singh
Cabinet Minister
Irrigation, Irrigation (mechanical)
15.
Ashutosh Tandon
Cabinet Minister
Basic Education, Medical Education
16.
Brijesh Pathak
Cabinet Minister
Law and Justice, Additional Energy Resources, Political Pension
17.
Mukut Bihari Verma
Cabinet Minister
Cooperative
18.
Ramapati Shastri
Cabinet Minister
Social Welfare
19.
Satyadev Pachauri
Cabinet Minister
Khadi, Rural industry, Textiles, Small and medium enterprises, and exports
20.
Jai Prakash Singh
Cabinet Minister
21.
Surya Pratap Shahi
Cabinet Minister
Agriculture
22.
Dara Singh Chauhan
Cabinet Minister
Forest and Environment, Zoos
23.
Rajendra Pratap Singh
Cabinet Minister
24.
Nand Kumar Nandi
Cabinet Minister
Stamp and Court rates, Civil Aviation
25.
Girish Yadav
Cabinet Minister
Rehabilitation, urban development
26.
Om Prakash Rajbhar
Cabinet Minister
Backward Classes Welfare, Disabled People development
NRI, Flood Control, Agriculture Import, Agriculture Marketing, Agriculture Foreign Trade, Women Welfare, Family Welfare, Maternity and Child Welfare
32.
Anupama Jaiswal
MoS (Independent)
33.
Swatantra Dev Singh
MoS (Independent)
Transport, Protocol, Energy
34.
Upendra Tiwari
MoS (Independent)
Water compensation
35.
Anil Rajbhar
MoS (Independent)
soldier welfare,
36.
Suresh Pasi
Minister of State
Housing, vocation education, skill
37.
Jai Kumar Singh Jacky
Minister of State
Excise department, Liquor prohibition
38.
Neelkanth Tiwari
Minister of State
law and justice, information and sports
39.
Sangeeta Balwant
Minister of State
40.
Girish Yadav
Minister of State
Rehabilitation, urban development
41.
Jay Prakash Nishad
Minister of State
42.
Gyanendra Singh
Minister of State
43.
Mannu Kori
Minister of State
labour service scheme
44.
Ranvendra Pratap Singh
Minister of State
Agriculture; Neelkanth Tiwari - law and justice
45.
Archana Pandey
Minister of State
mining, excise and prohibition
46.
Mohsin Raza
Minister of State
Minority Affairs, Science, Electronics
The controversial mascot of hardline Hindutva, Yogi Adityanath sworn-in as 21st CM of Uttar Pradesh on March 19 at Kanshiram Smriti Upvan in Lucknow. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won over 300 seats out of 403 in the recently concluded Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections 2017 whereas, the Samajwadi Party-Congress alliance and Mayawati-led Bahujan Samaj Party could not even manage to gain 100 seats.
Prime Minister and also in-charge of: Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions;Department of Atomic Energy; Department of Space; and All important policy issues; and All other portfolios not allocated to any Minister.
Cabinet Ministers of India 2019
S.No.
Minister
Portfolio/Minitry
1.
Shri Raj Nath Singh
Minister of Defence.
2.
Shri Amit Shah
Minister of Home Affairs.
3.
Shri Nitin Jairam Gadkari
Minister of Road Transport and Highways; and Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
4.
Shri D.V. Sadananda Gowda
Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
5.
Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman
Minister of Finance; and Minister of Corporate Affairs.
6.
Shri Ramvilas Paswan
Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
7.
Shri Narendra Singh Tomar
Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Minister of Rural Development; and Minister of Panchayati Raj.
8.
Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad
Minister of Law and Justice; Minister of Communications; and Minister of Electronics and Information Technology.
9.
Smt. Harsimrat Kaur Badal
Minister of Food Processing Industries.
10.
Shri Thaawar Chand Gehlot
Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment.
11.
Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar
Minister of External Affairs.
12.
Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal 'Nishank'
Minister of Human Resource Development.
13.
Shri Arjun Munda
Minister of Tribal Affairs.
14.
Smt. Smriti Zubin Irani
Minister of Women and Child Development; and Minister of Textiles.
15.
Dr. Harsh Vardhan
Minister of Health and Family Welfare; Minister of Science and Technology; and Minister of Earth Sciences.
16.
Shri Prakash Javadekar
Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change; and Minister of Information and Broadcasting.
17.
Shri Piyush Goyal
Minister of Railways; and Minister of Commerce and Industry.
18.
Shri Dharmendra Pradhan
Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas; and Minister of Steel.
19.
Shri Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi
Minister of Minority Affairs.
20.
Shri Pralhad Joshi
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs; Minister of Coal; and Minister of Mines.
21.
Dr. Mahendra Nath Pandey
Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
22.
Shri Arvind Ganpat Sawant
Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprise.
23.
Shri Giriraj Singh
Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries.
24.
Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
Minister of Jal Shakti.
Ministers of State (Independent Charge)
S.No.
Minister
Minister/Portfolio
1.
Shri Santosh Kumar Gangwar
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
2.
Rao Inderjit Singh
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation; and Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Planning.
3.
Shri Shripad Yesso Naik
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH); and Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence.
4.
Dr. Jitendra Singh
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region; Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office; Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Minister of State in the Department of Atomic Energy; and Minister of State in the Department of Space.
5.
Shri Kiren Rijiju
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
6.
Shri Prahalad Singh Patel
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Culture; and Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Tourism.
7.
Shri Raj Kumar Singh
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Power; Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
8.
Shri Hardeep Singh Puri
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs; Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Civil Aviation; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
9.
Shri Mansukh L. Mandaviya
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Shipping; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
Minister of State
S.No.
Name
Minister/Portfolio
1.
Shri Faggansingh Kulaste
Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel.
2.
Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey
Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
3.
Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal
Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.
4.
General (Retd.) V. K. Singh
Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
5.
Shri Krishan Pal
Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
6.
Shri Danve Raosaheb Dadarao
Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
7.
Shri G. Kishan Reddy
Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
8.
Shri Parshottam Rupala
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
9.
Shri Ramdas Athawale
Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
10.
Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti
Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development.
11.
Shri Babul Supriyo
Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
12.
Shri Sanjeev Kumar Balyan
Minister of State in the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries.
13.
Shri Dhotre Sanjay Shamrao
Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development; Minister of State in the Ministry of Communications; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
14.
Shri Anurag Singh Thakur
Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
15.
Shri Angadi Suresh Channabasappa
Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways.
16.
Shri Nityanand Rai
Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
17.
Shri Rattan Lal Kataria
Minister of State in the Ministry of Jal Shakti; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
18.
Shri V. Muraleedharan
Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.
19.
Smt. Renuka Singh Saruta
Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
20.
Shri Som Parkash
Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
21.
Shri Rameswar Teli
Minister of State in the Ministry of Food Processing Industries.
22.
Shri Pratap Chandra Sarangi
Minister of State in the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries.
23.
Shri Kailash Choudhary
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
24.
Sushri Debasree Chaudhuri
Minister of State in the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
Indias climate can be classified as a hot tropical country, except the northern states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir in the north and Sikkim in the northeastern hills, which have a cooler, more continental influenced climate.
In most of India summer is very hot. It begins in April and continues till the beginning of October, when the monsoon rains start to fall. The heat peaks in June with temperatures in the northern plains and the west reach 45° C and more. The monsoons hit the country during this period too, beginning 1st of June when they are supposed to find the Kerala coast, moving further inland from day to day. Moisture laden trade winds sweep the country bringing heavy rains and thunderstorms; sometimes these monsoon rains can be very heavy, causing floodings and damage, especially along the big Rivers of India, Bramaputhra and Ganges.
The plains in the north and even the barren countryside of Rajasthan have a cold wave every year in December-January. Minimum temperatures could dip below 5°C but maximum temperatures usually do not fall lower than 12°C. In the northern high altitude areas of the northern mountains it snows through the winter and even summer months are only mildly warm.
structure The role of a structural engineer today involves a significant understanding of both static and dynamic loading, and the stru...
