steel

About of steel 

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and sometimes other elements. Because of its high tensile strength and low cost, it is a major component used in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances, and weapons. Iron is the base metal of steel.
its ferece and strongest and long materials.
steel is an most importent engineering design and development of the structure, infrastructures.

manufacture process

steel is produced via two main routes: the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route and electric arc furnace (EAF) route. Variations and combinations of production routes also exist.

The key difference between the routes is the type of raw materials they consume. For the BF-BOF route these are predominantly iron ore, coal, and recycled steel, while the EAF route produces steel using mainly recycled steel and electricity. Depending on the plant configuration and availability of recycled steel, other sources of metallic iron such as direct-reduced iron (DRI) or hot metal can also be used in the EAF route. 

About 75% of steel is produced using the BF-BOF route. First, iron ores are reduced to iron, also called hot metal or pig iron. Then the iron is converted to steel in the BOF. After casting and rolling, the steel is delivered as coil, plate, sections or bars.

Steel made in an EAF uses electricity to melt recycled steel. Additives, such as alloys, are used to adjust to the desired chemical composition. Electrical energy can be supplemented with oxygen injected into the EAF. Downstream process stages, such as casting, reheating and rolling, are similar to those found in the BF-BOF route. About 25% of steel is produced via the EAF route.

Another steelmaking technology, the open hearth furnace (OHF), makes up about 0.4% of global steel production. The OHF process is very energy intensive and is in decline owing to its environmental and economic disadvantages. Check out our publication for more information.

Most steel products remain in use for decades before they can be recycled. Therefore, there is not enough recycled steel to meet growing demand using the EAF steelmaking method alone. Demand is met through a combined use of the BF-BOF and EAF production methods.

DIFFERENTtyp TYPES OF STEEL

Steel is an alloy made from iron and carbon. There are several distinct grades of steel that have unique chemical compositions based on the different amounts of carbon and added alloys.

When determining the type of steel that you want to buy, it is important to know there are four different types of steel that are classified based on their chemical structure and physical properties: carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, and tool steels. We'll outline each of the following steel types below.

Carbon Steel

Carbon steel is dull and matte in appearance and is vulnerable to corrosion. Carbon steel can contain other alloys, such as manganese, silicon, and copper. There are three main types of carbon steel: low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, and high carbon steel. Low carbon steel is the most common and typically contains less than .30% of carbon. Medium carbon steel contains up to .60% of carbon as well as manganese and is much stronger than low carbon steel. High carbon steel contains up to 1.5% carbon steel and is the strongest of the categories and can often be hard to work with.

Alloy Steel

Alloy steels are a mixture of several metals, including nickel, copper, and aluminum. Alloy steels tend to be cheaper and are used in mechanical work, car parts, pipelines, and motors. The strength and property of alloy steels depends on the concentration of elements they contain.

Stainless Steel

Stainless steels are shiny, corrosion resistant, and used in many products, including home appliances, backsplashes and cooking utensils. It has a low carbon content Stainless steel contains the alloy chromium and can also include nickel or molybdenum. Stainless steel is strong and can withstand high temperatures. There are more than 100 grades of stainless steel, making it an extremely versatile material that is customizable depending on your purpose.

Tool Steel

Tool steels are hard and heat and scrape-resistant. They are named tool steels because they are often used to make metal tools, such as stamping, cutting, and mold-making tools. Tool steels are made up of vanadium, cobalt, molybdenum, and tungsten in different amounts, which improve its durability and heat resistance properties. They are also commonly used to make hammers. There are several different grades of steel that can be used for distinct applications.

Steel formula

Rectangular Steel Surface. Measure the length and width, in inches, of the rectangular steelsheet. For example, the length might be 135 inches while the width is 50 inches. Multiply the length by the width to obtain the area of the steel in square inches.

What Is the Strongest Non-Alloy Metal in the World?

• Tungsten has the highest tensile strength of any natural metal, but it's brittle and tends to shatter on impact.
• Titanium has a tensile strength of 63,000 PSI. ...
• Chromium, on the Mohs scale for hardness, is the hardest metal around.